On Sunday just gone, some friends kindly took Chap and I with them on an excursion to Cragside in Northumberland. In best English fashion, we admired a country house, wandered the extensive grounds (are they ever not extensive? Has anyone heard of a country house with limited grounds?), got lost in a rhododendron labyrinth full of what I'm going to call 'contemporary pagan' carvings and had a picnic in weather that was not quite picnic weather.
Anyone who is bored by old Victorian houses and eccentric inventors can look away now, I am about to wax
nerdy.
This is
Cragside, the country house of
Lord Amstrong, who was a Newcastle hero and sort of industrial Renaissance man. A nineteenth-century solicitor, businessman, engineer, amateur scientist, manufacturer and incessant inventor, he was responsible for employing over 25,000 people at the height of his Elswick works on the banks of the Tyne. He designed and built Newcastle's
Swing Bridge, invented the hydroelectric power station, restored
Bamburgh Castle and founded the College of Science, later to become Newcastle University. He also gifted
Jesmond Dene, formerly his private park, to the city in 1883. The Dene, which is right by our house, is a completely remodelled landscape: Armstrong was a keen landscape gardener, and the waterfall, quarry and most of the mature trees are all his doing. He was also an early environmentalist, advocating for the development of renewable energy sources, particularly hydroelectricity, and an enthusiastic adopter of new technology. He had a seemingly inexhaustible capacity for invention and improvement, a cross between Brunel and Joseph Paxton.
I mention all this because the house itself, which was begun in 1863 as a two-story lodge and expanded over the years into the mansion you see above, is essentially a memorial to its owner's penchant for contraptions and a neat representation of the Victorian age itself and its obsessions with self-improvement, industry and modernity.
This, for example, is the library. Those are Burne-Jones stained glass window designs. This room was the first the in the world (apart from Swan's own living room) to be lit using the incandescent electric bulbs designed by
Joseph Swan, who pipped Edison to the post to produce the first working electric lamp. The electricity was generated by the world's first hydroelectric power station, designed by Armstrong in 1868, for which he had an artificial lake (one of five on the property) made up on the high moor which forms a part of the Cragside estate:

Nothing was a problem for this man, it seems. Every obstacle or inconvenience of nineteenth-century living was reconfigured as an opportunity for invention. This is the kitchen. The only slightly unconvincing fake roasts are being twirled around in front of ovens on spits that are water-powered. It was impossible to get a clear photo, but in several places perspex windows have been set into the walls so you can see the constantly turning cogs and wheels that drive the spits. The same hydro-power system also powers a dumb waiter, an elevator and the world's first automatic dish-washing machine. Down in the scullery beneath the kitchen is the giant water pump that creates the water pressure which drives all this machinery. It still works. In the 1870s, when Armstrong was casually inventing all these labour-saving devices, such things were completely unheard of.

If you were a domestic servant around then I imagine working at Cragside would have been comparatively blissful. I also think this marks Armstrong out as something of a humanitarian (he gets a bad rap because he was an arms manufacturer among other things) because to put it bluntly, human labour was cheaper than machinery. Installing and maintaining these devices would have been expensive, and I'm not sure that many wealthy Victorians would have considered saving the servants from having to haul coal up stairs and scrub the dishes was worth it.
The house also had, by the 1880s, an electric room-service system, fire alarms, underfloor heating, amazing Turkish baths, hot and cold running water, and this thing:
This is a marble fireplace, although the word 'fireplace' seems scarcely adequate. It's at the very top of the house, in the section added in anticipation of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales. It weighs ten tonnes, and is built into the cliff face the house backs up against, so it doesn't crash through into the foundations. It's an amazing piece of engineering, and ludicrous, utterly tasteless.
The two little matching blue vases on either side of this roccoco extravaganza are, in my opinion, what really makes the room work.
The family's taste in art was clearly questionable, with lots of terrible Victorian sentimental animal paintings all over the place, but the decor of the house itself (the Royal-impressing upper addition aside) is a gorgeous Arts and Craft style. There are Burne-Jones and Morris stained glass designs throughout the house, exposed wooden panelling, Morris wallpaper and these tiles in the hallways:
There is, naturally enough, a formal garden component to the aforementioned Extensive Grounds; its centrepiece is the glass conservatory, in which every pane of glass can be opened and shut via an extensive system of interlocking cogs and wheels and pulleys, some of which might just be visible, and which kept the Armstrongs supplied with figs and citrus fruits and whatever else doesn't grow naturally in the north of England.
There is also a cast-iron and glass summer-house from which you may either gaze out over the valley, or, it being late in the day and you having tramped approximately ten miles through the estate, have a little nap:
Finally, I will leave you with this idyllic scene. Like everything else in the estate, it's a man-made landscape. It's called a 'pinetum', which is essentially a cultivated collection of conifers. One these trees is the tallest conifer in Britain, but they won't say which one in case someone cuts it down out of spite.